Fig 1: Effects of edoxaban on inflammatory factors and chemokines in the sera of mice with atrial fibrillation and vein thrombus. Plasma levels of (A) IL-1, (B) IL-4, (C) IL-8 and (D) TNF-α, (E) PGI2, (F) PGE2, (G) PGD2 and (H) PGF2α in mice with fibrillation and vein thrombus treated with edoxaban or phosphate-buffered saline. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation of the mean. **P<0.01 as indicated. IL, interleukin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; PG, prostaglandin.
Fig 2: Histopathological analysis of the back skin tissues. Dorsal skin sections were stained with H&E (magnification, ×100). (A) Skin tissues following treatment for 1 day. (B) Skin tissues following treatment for 4 days. (C) Skin tissues following treatment for 7 days. (D) Epidermal thickness in the dorsal skin. Levels of (E) IL-4, (F) IL-5, (G) IL-13, (H) IL-1β and (I) TNF-α in dorsal skin tissues. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. *P<0.05, **P<0.001 vs. control; #P<0.05, ##P<0.001 vs. AD. AD, atopic dermatitis; AD + Q, AD group treated with quinine; C + Q, control group treated with quinine; IL, interleukin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.
Fig 3: Ulinastatin alleviates neuroinflammation post TBI. UTI significantly reduced hippocampal (a) TNF-a, (b) interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), (c) IL-6 and (d) NF-kB levels 72 h after TBI (n = 5, *p < 0.05 vs. the sham group; #p < 0.05 vs. the TBI group, ANOVA; means ± SEM).
Fig 4: Detection of pro-inflammatory factors in brain tissues of rats. (A) Expression of IL-1b mRNA in SH, TD, TO and TI group of rats. (B) Expression of IL-6 mRNA in SH, TD, TO and TI group of rats. (C) Expression of TNF-A mRNA in SH, TD, TO and TI group of rats. (D) Expression of PTGS2 mRNA in SH, TD, TO and TI group of rats. Data was presented as mean ± SD, each experiment was repeated for three times. *P<0.05 vs SH group of rats. #P<0.05 vs signal dezocine treatment group. NC: normal group, DT: dezocine treatment group, DO: dezocine treatment combined with RAPGEF3 overexpression group, DI: dezocine treatment combined with RAPGEF3 inhibition group. SH: sham group, TD: dezocine treatment group, TO: dezocine treatment combined with RAPGEF3 overexpression group, TI: dezocine treatment combined with RAPGEF3 inhibition group.
Fig 5: Production of pro- and anti-inflammatory factors within the hippocampus after LPS, synaptamide, and EPEA administration, determined by ELISA. (a) Production of TNF-a, pg/1 mg of protein. (b) Production of TNF-ß, pg/1 mg of protein. (c). Production of IL-4, pg/1 mg of protein. (d) Production of IL-10, pg/1 mg of protein. (e) Production of CD86, optical density units, %. (f) Production of MHC II, optical density units, %. (g) Production of Arg1, optical density units, %. (h) Production of CD206, optical density units, %. Mean ± SEM, n = 10 (number of animals per group). One-way ANOVA with a post-hoc Tukey test, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001; + p < 0.05, ++ p < 0.01, +++ p < 0.001. *—compared to Veh, +—compared to LPS.
Supplier Page from Abcam for Mouse TNF alpha ELISA Kit