Fig 1: Induction of CKD through renal artery embolization. a Angiogram of swine kidney, taken before and after embolization with microspheres into the renal artery, using contrast at 10–12 weeks of age. b Representative renal artery flow using ultrasound before and after embolization at 10–12 weeks of age. c, d Representative images of Picro-sirius red (PR) staining in the kidneys from Con and CKD swine under bright field and polarizing light microscopy respectively post embolization at 8–9 months of age. The blue bubbles in the field indicate microspheres. Original magnification, × 200 e Quantification of the percentage of area positive for PR staining under polarizing light microscopy. f Quantification of urinary NGAL 5–6 months post embolization. N = 8 in Con, N = 7 in CKD. Values are mean + / − SEM. p value by Student’s t-test
Fig 2: Correlation of CEUS results and urinary NGAL (A, B) or tissue DNA fragmentation (a hallmark of apoptosis) on TUNEL staining (C, D) at end of porcine machine perfusion (6 h); n = 8. Pearson correlation coefficient and associated p-value are displayed.
Fig 3: Correlation of CEUS scores at 2 h, with urinary NGAL at 24 h of human NMP (n = 5). Region scores for cortex (A), outer medulla (B) and inner medulla (C) were calculated as peak intensity z-score minus time-to-peak z-score. The three were summed to generate an overall score for the kidney (D). Pearson correlation coefficient and associated p-value are displayed.
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