Description
Principle of the assay: The Mouse TNF alpha ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) kit is an in vitro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the quantitative measurement of Mouse TNF alpha in Cell Culture Supernatants, Serum, Plasma, Tissue Homogenates. This assay employs an antibody specific for Mouse TNF alpha coated on a 96-well plate. Standards and samples are pipetted into the wells and TNF alpha present in a sample is bound to the wells by the immobilized antibody. The wells are washed and biotinylated anti-Mouse TNF alpha antibody is added. After washing away unbound biotinylated antibody, HRP-conjugated streptavidin is pipetted to the wells. The wells are again washed, a TMB substrate solution is added to the wells and color develops in proportion to the amount of TNF alpha bound. The Stop Solution changes the color from blue to yellow, and the intensity of the color is measured at 450 nm.
Background: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha, or TNF) is secreted by macrophages in response to inflammation, infection and cancer. Human Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and Lymphotoxin (TNF-beta) are cytotoxic proteins which have similar biological activities and share 30% amino acid homology. TNF-alpha is produced by monocytes, which can stimulate endothelial cells to produce the multilineage growth factor granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and extend the role of this immunoregulatory protein to the regulation of hematopoiesis in vitro. TNF is a soluble protein that causes damage to tumor cells but has no effect on normal cells. Human TNF has been purified to apparent homogeneity as a 17.3-kilodalton protein from HL-60 leukemia cells and has showed cytotoxic and cytostatic activities against various human tumor cell lines. The human TNF cDNA is 1585 base pairs in length and encodes a protein of 233 amino acids. The mature protein begins at residue 77, leaving a long leader sequence of 76 amino acids. TNF-alpha has been mapped to human chromosome 6.2