Description
Transforming growth factor beta-2 (TGFβ2) is a versatile protein involved in regulating a variety of biological processes, including angiogenesis and cardiac development. In mice, TGFβ2 is crucial for embryonic development, particularly in forming the oral epithelium and the heart. Mice lacking TGFβ2 (Tgfb2−/−) exhibit significant developmental abnormalities, affecting areas such as the heart, craniofacial region, lungs, limbs, spine, eyes, inner ear, and urogenital system. In Tgfb2−/− embryos, heart defects are characterized by a double outlet right ventricle (DORV) and issues in myocardialization, both of which are linked to the disrupted apoptosis of neural crest cells