Fig 2: FABP4 inhibition attenuated lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in retinal tissues in a mouse model of DR.

Fig 3: FABP4 inhibition reduced ferroptosis by upregulating PPARγ activity in HG-induced ARPE-19 cells.

Fig 4: FABP4 increases cell viability and FABP4 inhibitor cancels FABP4-induced cell viability in human pancreatic cancer cells (A-D) Cell viability (n = 3) after FABP4 (100 ng/ml) or FABP4 + FABP4 inhibitor HTS01037 (HTS; 30 µM) treatment for 48 h was analyzed by MTS assay in human pancreatic cancer cells; CAPAN-2, CFPAC-1, PANC-1, and MIA PaCa-2. (E, F) The viability of other gastrointestinal cancer cells (GIST-T1 and HT29) was also assessed after the treatment. Results are presented as mean ± SD. (* P < .05)

Fig 5: FABP4 increases migration and invasion capability, and changes expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness markers in pancreatic cancer cells. (A-D) The cell motility of KPC cell was measured by scratch assay. The formula percentage of wound area was calculated by the ratio of the wound area to the area before treatment in each group. The wound area ratio after different concentration of FABP4 for 24 h (A) and chronological change of wound area after FABP4 with or without HTS01037 (HTS; 30 µM) (B-D) were evaluated (n = 3). (E, F) Invasive capability in KPC and PANC-1 cells after FABP4 (200 ng/ml) or FABP4 + HTS (30 µM) treatment for 24 h was quantified by Cell Invasion Assay kit (n = 4). (G, H) EMT markers in KPC cells were analyzed by immunoblotting. FABP4 (100 ng/ml) exposure induced elevated vimentin expression in time dependent manner and tended to decrease expression of CDH1. (I-K) mRNA levels of EMT-related transcription factors were examined after FABP4 (200 ng/ml, 3 h) exposure in KPC cells (n = 4) by RT-PCR. (L, M) mRNA level of ZEB1 was increased after FABP4 (200 ng/ml, 3 h) exposure, and the FABP4-madiated ZEB1 up-regulation was inhibited by HTS (30 µM) in KPC and PANC-1 cells (n = 5). (N, O) mRNA levels of stemness markers (CD133 and CD44) after FABP4 (200 ng/ml) or FABP4 + HTS (30 µM) treatment for 24 h were evaluated in KPC cells (n = 5). Results are presented as mean ± SD. (* P < .05)