Fig 1: Naloxone precipitated withdrawal symptoms after chronic morphine and kratom extracts treatment on MOR, cAMP, serotonin and dopamine levels measured using ELISA kit. On the fifth-day of chronic treatment, mice were injected with naloxone and sacrificed an hour later. The brain was then collected to determine the protein expression levels for A) MOR, B) cAMP, C) serotonin, and D) dopamine level in the brain which may responsible for the emergence of withdrawal symptoms. *** p < 0.001, **p < 0.01 significantly different from control groups; # p < 0.05 significantly different from morphine groups, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test
Fig 2: Analgesic effects of morphine and kratom extracts on MOR, cAMP, serotonin and dopamine levels measured using ELISA kit. Following the fourth-day of chronic treatment, mice were sacrifice, and the brain was collected to determine the protein expression levels for A) MOR, B) cAMP, C) dopamine, and D) serotonin level in the brain which may responsible for the analgesic effects. *** p < 0.001, **p < 0.01 significantly different from control groups; # p < 0.05 significantly different from morphine groups, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test
Supplier Page from Fine Biotech Co., Ltd. for Mouse Oprm1 (Mu-type opioid receptor) ELISA Kit