Fig 1: Effects of live or HK-LDL557 on serum cytokine levels in MIA-induced OA rats. (A) TNF-α, (B) IL-1β, (C) IL-6, and (D) IL-10 were analyzed. The results are presented as means ± S.D. (n = 8). Statistical differences were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey’s test. Different letters indicate significant differences among groups (p < 0.05).