Fig 1: (A) Protein expressions of phosphorylated IFN-regulatory factor 3 (p-IRF3) and messenger (m)RNA expressions of (B) Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR-3) pathway-related factors ISG15 and USP18 in lung tissues. NC group, the normal control group; SH group, intratracheally administered saline; PS group, administered poly(I:C) intratracheally and an IV injection of saline; PG group, administered poly(I:C) intratracheally and an IV injection of glutamine. ISG15, interferon-stimulated gene 15; TRIF, Toll-IL-1 receptor (TIR)-domain-containing adapter-inducing IFN-β; USP18, ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). The differences between the NC and SH groups were analyzed using Student’s t-test. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a Bonferroni post-hoc test was used to analyze the differences among the SH and PS groups at three time points and between the PS and PG groups at identical time points. * Significantly different from the SH group (p < 0.05). # Significantly different from the PS group at the identical time point (p < 0.05).
Fig 2: Illustration of the potential mechanisms of glutamine (GLN) administration after poly(I:C) stimulation. The red arrow indicates the effects of poly(I:C) stimulation, while the blue arrow illustrates the effects of GLN administration following poly(I:C) stimulation. ALI, acute lung injury; BW, body weight; GLN, glutamine; IFN-β, interferon-β; IFN-λ3, interferon-λ3; IL-6, interleukin-6; ISG15, interferon-stimulated gene 15; IT, intratracheal injection; KC, keratinocyte-derived chemokine; MIP-2, macrophage inflammatory protein-2; p-IRF3, phosphorylated interferon-regulatory factor 3; MPO, myeloperoxidase; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; USP18, ubiquitin specific peptidase 18; VE-cadherin, vascular endothelial cadherin.
from Cell Signaling Technology for PathScan ® RP Phospho-IRF-3 (Ser379) Sandwich ELISA Kit