Fig 2: FGFR2 expression is correlated with clinicopathological characteristics of SAP patients. (A–K) Correlations between FGFR2 expression in peripheral blood and CRP, PCT, LDH, AST, BUN, APACHE II score, Ranson score, BISAP score, SOFA score, and MCTSI score in 18 SAP patients were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis. SAP, severe acute pancreatitis; PCT, procalcitonin; APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; BISAP, Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; MCTSI, modified computed tomography severity index.

Fig 3: MTT assay of nUO and UO hydrolysates on HepG2 cells (A). Assessment of AST and ALT release in HepG2 cells supernatant after 24 h of treatment with nUO and UO (B–C). Bars represent the mean ± s.d. of two independent experiments performed in triplicate and statistically analyzed by One-way Anova followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. C: control, ns: not significant.

Fig 4: Drug induced release of Albumin, ALT and AST by the 3D liver tissue model. Tissues cultured for 14 days were dosed to test drugs every other day (N = 3 repeat doses). Culture supernatants were collected on days 2 and 7 and analyzed by specific ELISA for released levels of albumin, ALT, and AST.

Fig 5: Study design and test system to assess cannabinoid hepatotoxicity. a) Liver-Chip schematic showing the PDMS-based Chip containing two independent channels – the top channel (1) with hepatocytes (3) and the bottom channel (8) with non-parenchymal cells (NPCs) such as liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (7), Kupffer cells (6) and stellate cells (5). The channels are separated by a porous, ECM-coated membrane (4). b) The Pod contains four independent reservoirs that either provide fresh media to the Chips (inlet) or collect media that has perfused over the Chips (outlet). Each inlet or outlet correspond with either the top or bottom channel. Media flow from the inlet to the outlet per channel is modeled. c) Liver-Chips were established by seeding hepatocytes to the top channel and NPCs to the bottom channel two days later. After allowing the hepatocytes 6 days to mature on the Chip, dosing began on day 0. Effluent collection from Liver-Chip was on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 post-dosing. This effluent was used for assays such as albumin, LDH, ALT, AST, and cytokines. At the end of the study (day 7 post-treatment), all the Chips were stained and live imaged for oxidative stress and mitochondrial function.