Fig 1: Eriocitrin ameliorated impaired retinal barrier function and elevated oxidative stress in NaIO₃-induced mouse model. (A) Immunofluorescence images of RPE65. (B) Quantification of total retinal thickness, ONL thickness, and INL thickness (n = 5). (C) ELISA analysis of RPE65 levels in retinal tissue (n = 8). (D) Quantification of a-wave and b-wave amplitudes in photopic and scotopic electroretinography (ERG) respectively (n = 5). (E) Quantification of ROS levels in the retina and RPE/choroid of mouse model (n = 5). (F) ELISA analysis of retinal barrier-associated proteins (ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-5, and JAM-A) (n = 8). Er: eriocitrin. Er-low: 25 mg/kg of eriocitrin; Er-high: 50 mg/kg of eriocitrin. Scale bar: 50 μm. Data were presented as mean ± SD (n ≥ 3 independent biological replicates). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001
Fig 2: Protective effects of eriocitrin against NaIO₃-induced cytotoxicity, inflammation, and barrier impairment. (A) CCK-8 assay: Cell viability of ARPE-19 cells was assessed following treatment with various concentrations of eriocitrin (0, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 100 µM) for 24 h (n = 8). (B) CCK-8 assays were performed after treating cells with 40 µM eriocitrin for different duration periods (0, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h) (n = 8). (C) Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels (n = 7). (D) ELISA was performed to determine the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-8 and IL-1β) (n = 8). (E) Trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) assay (n = 5). (F-G) MitoSOX Red mitochondrial superoxide fluorescence image and quantitative analysis (n = 8). (H-I) Western blot analysis and quantitative analysis of key cellular barrier function proteins (ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin5, JAM-A) (n = 3). Er: eriocitrin. Er-low: 40µM of eriocitrin; Er-high: 100µM of eriocitrin. Data were normalized to β-actin. Data were presented as mean ± SD (n ≥ 3 independent biological replicates). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001
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