Fig 1: LTC treatment of porcine PBMC stimulates the significant release of IFNa, IFNß, NO, and ROS. Cultures of PBMC were seeded at 4.5 × 106 cells per well in 24-well plates and treated for 36 h with either nothing (untreated) or 1, 5, 10, or 25 µg/mL of LTC, or 300 ng/mL LPS. Supernatants were assayed by ELISA for the release of porcine IFNa (A) or IFNß (B). Culture supernatants were assayed for NO release by the Griess reagent assay (C) and for the production of ROS by treatment with 10 µM H2DCFDA (D). Medium controls were included to rule out any detection of cytokines in the growth medium. Significant differences in Type I IFN, NO, and ROS were determined using a one-way ANOVA with p-values of **** = 0.001, ** = 0.01, and * = 0.05.