Fig 1: Gene expression of Glypicans and Notum measured by qPCR at 7, 14 and 21 days of culture in patients with Osteoarthritis (n = 8) and controls (n = 8). Relative gene expression was normalized to the housekeeping genes β-actin and RNA18S. The data were calculated with the fold change method (2−ΔΔCt) relative to t = 0. T-tests were used to compare the groups: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. All bar graphs are presented as mean ± SEM. In OA BM-MSCs, a decrease in the expression of GPC6 and an increase in Notum were found. During osteogenic differentiation, upregulation of the mRNA levels of GPC2, GPC4, GPC5, GPC6 and Notum and downregulation of GPC3 were found in OA patients.
Fig 2: Plasma levels of Glypicans and Notum in patients with Osteoarthritis (n = 25) and controls (n = 24). Non-parametric Mann–Whitney test (GPC2, GPC4, GPC6 and Notum) and t-test (GPC1, GPC5, GPC3) were used to compare the groups: * p < 0.05. All bar graphs are presented as mean ± SEM. A decrease in GPC5 and Notum were found in OA patients.
Fig 3: Protein levels of Glypicans and Notum determined by ELISA kit at 0, 7, 14 and 21 days of BM-MSC and osteoblast culture in patients with Osteoarthritis (n = 8) and controls (n = 8). T-tests were used to compare the groups: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. All bar graphs are presented as mean ± SEM. In OA BM-MSCs, a decrease in GPC5 and Notum and an increase in GPC3 were found. During osteogenic differentiation, a decrease in GPC2, GPC5 and Notum and an increase in GPC3 were observed in OA patients. GPC1, GPC4 and GPC6 were not found in soluble form.
Supplier Page from Thermo Fisher Scientific for Human Glypican 3 ELISA Kit