Fig 1: MIF ablation inhibits oxidative stress in hepatic I/R injury. (A) ELISA detection of MDA, SOD and GSH level in serum of WT and MIF-KO mice after hepatic I/R surgery (n = 6 per group). (B) DHE staining in liver sections from WT and MIF-KO mice after hepatic I/R surgery (n = 4/group). Scale bar, 50 μm. (C) ELISA detection of MDA, SOD and GSH level in serum of AAV-GFP or AAV-MIF mice after hepatic I/R surgery (n = 6 per group). (D) DHE staining in liver sections from AAV-GFP or AAV-MIF mice after hepatic I/R surgery (n = 4/group). Scale bar, 50 μm. All data are shown as the mean ± SD. Levels of statistical significance are indicated as **p < 0.01. For statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc analysis or Tamhane’s T2 post hoc analysis and two-tailed Student t test were used.
Fig 2: CF improved renal function, oxidative stress and inflammation levels in SAMP8 mice. a-d Effect of CF on the urine volume, urine protein levels, and serum Cr and urea nitrogen levels, respectively. e-h The level of SOD, GSH-Px, TNF-α and IL-1β in serum, respectively. Con: SAMR1 mice; M: SAMP8 mice; CF-L: Treated with low-dose CF ethanol extract; CF-M: Treated with medium-dose CF ethanol extract; CF-H: Treated with high-dose CF ethanol extract; Values expressed as mean ± SD; *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 vs. M group (n = 5–12)
Fig 3: Sphk1 overexpression protects the brain against I/R injury. WT and Sphk1Tg mice were subjected to transient MCAO. A, B. TTC staining was used to observe the infarction size in the brain after MCAO. C. H&E staining was used to detect histological alterations in the brain after MCAO. D, E. Nissl staining was used to observe the number of Nissl bodies in brain tissues after MCAO. F-I. RNA was isolated from brain tissues, and the levels of IL-6, CRP, TNFα and MCP1 were measured. J, K. ELISAs were used to detect changes in GSH and SOD activity in brain tissues after MCAO. *p<0.05 vs. sham+WT group, #p<0.05 vs. MCAO+WT group.
Fig 4: Sirt3 overexpression attenuates cerebral I/R injury. WT and Sirt3Tg mice were subjected to transient MCAO. A, B. TTC staining was used to observe the infarction size in the brain after MCAO. C. H&E staining was used to detect histological alterations in the brain after MCAO. D, E. Nissl staining was used to observe the number of Nissl bodies in brain tissues after MCAO. F-I. RNA was isolated from brain tissues, and the levels of IL-6, CRP, TNFα and MCP1 were analyzed. J, K. ELISAs were used to detect GSH and SOD activity levels in brain tissues after MCAO. *p<0.05 vs. sham+WT group, #p<0.05 vs. MCAO+WT group.
Fig 5: Effect of different treatments on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities: MDA content (A), CAT activity (B), and SOD activity (C). Data were expressed as mean ± SD, n = 6. * means significant versus vehicle control group, a means significant versus DOX group, and b means significant versus Hes-DOX group. DOX: Doxorubicin, Hes: hesperidin, and Hes-NPs: hesperidin nanoparticles. Each group differed significantly from the others at p ≤ 0.05.
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