Fig 1: The therapeutic effect of TNC peptides on male elderly osteoporotic mice. A) Evaluation of the importance of the binding sites by detecting the inhibitory effects of mutant peptides on osteoclast formation. B,C) 3D reconstruction and bone analysis of micro‐CT images of the femur of Ocn‐Ar−/Y mice (male, 14‐month‐old) with or without tail suspension to determine the therapeutic effect of TNC peptides. The serum levels of β‐CTx and PINP in osteoblast‐specific Ar‐knockout OP mice model (D) and osteoblast‐specific Ar‐knockout combined with tail suspension OP mice model (E); n = 6 per group. Student's t‐test was used for two groups of comparisons, one‐way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons test was used for multiple comparisons. All tests were two‐sided; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.
Fig 2: Extracellular secreted protein TNC is significantly upregulated during Tes‐stimulated osteoblast differentiation. A) Flowchart of proteomic experiments. B,C) GO analysis (B) and hierarchical clustering heatmaps (C) of DEPs at day 15 in the process of osteoblast differentiation and Tes‐stimulated osteoblast differentiation. D) Cellular component analysis of Clusters 6 and 7 from panel C. E) STRING analysis of the DEPs from the extracellular region, extracellular space, and extracellular matrix. The center five proteins are hub proteins in the network using the BottleNeck algorithm of the Hubba plug‐in in Cytoscape software. F) Venn diagram showing overlapping DEPs for Tes‐mediated osteogenesis on days 15 and 18. G) Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis of the 61 overlapping DEPs. H) Hierarchical clustering heatmaps of the 61 overlapping DEPs. I) Mass spectroscopy information for Cluster 3 proteins from panel (H). DEPs = differentially expressed proteins.
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