Fig 2: Levels of A) serum CRP at two different time points and B) tissue COMP from the rats subjected to 4 weeks of swimming, curcumin or swimming combined with curcumin. One-way ANOVA was used as a statistical test followed by Tukey post-hoc test for significance ns: non-significant, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, n = 6/group.

Fig 3: Evaluation of the cardiac and gut function and of H-HF rats (A) NT-proBNP serum level as determined by ELISA. (B) Left ventricular ejection fraction. (C) Left ventricular fractional shortening. (D) Serum level of IL-1β. (E) Serum level of CRP. (F) Representative traces of M-mode echocardiogram of each group. (G) HE staining of histological changes to heart (× 400) and (H) Serum level of LPS. (I) HE staining of colon tissues (× 100). (J) Serum level of Zonulin. CON: controls; MOD: a rat model of H-HF; SM: a rat model of H-HF treated with SM. n = 6. *p < 0.05

Fig 4: MiR‐145‐5p overexpression inhibits DOX‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and oxidative stress. (A) Flow cytometry analysis of TUNEL staining. (B) Quantification of TUNEL positive cells. (C) Representative images of cardiac tissue sections stained with DHE (scale bar = 100 μm). (D) Quantification of ROS production. (E) MDA and (F) GSH levels in rat hearts. (G) Quantification of serum CRP levels. N = 10 animals per group. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. ***p < 0.001.