Fig 1: adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and hub genes expression validation. a Unstained BMSCs and osteogenic differentiated BMSCs from 4 h to 14d (10x). b Unstained BMSCs and adipogenic differentiated BMSCs from 4 h to 14d (10x). c ALP stained BMSCs and osteogenic differentiated BMSCs from 4 h to 14d (10x). d Alizarin Red S stained BMSCs and osteogenic differentiated BMSCs from 4 h to 14d (10x). e Oil Red O stained BMSCs and adipogenic differentiated BMSCs from 4 h to 14d (10x). f The relative expression level of selected hub genes based on RT-qPCR. g The relative expression level of hub genes based on RNA sequencing in dataset GSE113253. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01
Fig 2: ALP staining of differentiated BM-MSCs after 14 days. (A) Representative light micrographs of cells exposed to (i) BMP-2-loaded PSiO2 carriers via physical adsorption, (ii) Empty PSiO2 carriers, (iii) BMP-2-loaded PSiO2 carriers via covalent conjugation, (iv) Empty chemically-modified PSiO2 carriers, (v) Free BMP-2 solution (100 ng mL−1) and (vi) no treatment (control, cells only). Scale bar = 100 µm. (B) Quantitative analysis of ALP activity, expressed as the average positively stained areas for each condition tested, *** indicates p ≤ 0.005.
Fig 3: Representative images of ALP staining, performed after 19 or 23 days of culture, on untreated NHOst cells and on cells exposed to HA+AA.
Fig 4: ALP activity assay. The reported data represent the means of three independent experiments. The HA+AA group is significantly different from the supplemented medium group after 19 and 23 days of culture (* p < 0.05).
Supplier Page from Abcam for Alkaline Phosphatase Staining Kit (Red)