Fig 2: Identification of six putative urinary biomarkers by mass spectrometry for the identification of all grades or clinically significant PCa and for prediction of PI-RADS scores. (A) Left: GS distribution divided in the different groups according to PSA values (cohort of 99 patients). Right: GS distribution divided by the Pi-RADS score groups. mpMRI was performed on 94 out of the 99 patients. (B) Results of the PI-RADS scores. mpMRI was performed on 42 out of the 45 patients of the discovery cohort. (C) Distribution of GS cases grouped by the PI-RADS scores in the validation cohort. mpMRI was performed on 52 out of the 54 patients of the validation cohort. (D) Table summarizing the biomarker selection process. (E) Venn diagram showing the distribution of the candidate biomarkers across the three prediction groups. Out of the 28 proteins shared between the three groups, 6 biomarkers were selected for further studies (AMBP, CD99, HRNR, KRT13, LYVE1 and SPARCL1).

Fig 3: Performance of the six candidate biomarkers for the prediction of the PI-RADS score in the discovery cohort. (A) Mass spectrometry quantification of the biomarkers AMBP, CD99, HRNR, KRT13, LYVE1 and SPARCL1 in the discovery cohort. Their performance in predicting the PI-RADS score was assessed with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. (B) Validation of the candidate biomarkers with commercially available ELISA kits. The relative concentration of the biomarkers was normalized to two control molecules (CD44 and RNASE231) and results are represented as ROC curves.