Fig 1: Analysis of fat pathology and blood cholesterol changes under a high-fat diet (HFD) in the 5XFAD Alzheimer’s disease transgenic mouse model. Represent images of subcutaneous fat (SCF), visceral fat (VF), and brown fat (BF) in female mice (A); quantitative estimation of the mean percent area of the lipid droplets in SCF (B, top panel), VF (B, middle panel), and BF (B, bottom panel); and quantitative estimation of the mean diameter area of the lipid droplets in SCF (C, top panel), VF (C, middle panel), and BF (C, bottom panel). Blood analysis of triacylglycerol, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein (D). Enzyme-linked immunoassay analysis of the serum levels of apolipoprotein AI (APOA-I) (E). ns (not significant), * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001 (one-way analysis of variance with Tukey post hoc analysis). Data are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean. The number of mice in each group was 3 for the fat tissue analyses, 6–7 for the blood analyses, and 4 for the APOA-I measurement. ND, normal chow; WT, wildtype; TG transgenic.
Fig 2: DSHT therapy promotes cholesterol metabolism in serum and enhances the expression of ABCA1, ABCG1, and LDLR in the aorta. Serum (A) ApoA1 and (B) ApoB levels, and (C) their ratio. (D) Relative mRNA expression levels of cholesterol metabolism-related ABCA1, ABCG1, and LDLR genes. Data are presented as mean ± standard error of mean of the samples from mice in the vehicle, AT, DSHT, and DSHT + AT groups (n = 5 for all). * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001, compared with the vehicle group (Mann–Whitney U test).
Fig 3: Metabolic enhancer and exercise independently attenuate diet-induced pro-atherogenic serum profile. (A–C) Serum content of circulating PCSK9, ApoA1, and ApoB (n = 8–11). (D) Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of hepatic mRNA abundance of indicated genes (n = 5–6). (E) Immunofluorescent staining of LDLR in the livers of mice fed NCD or HFD supplemented with either ME or exercise. Scale bars, 200 µm. All data are shown as mean ± SD. *, denotes p < 0.05 by one-way ANOVA with Tukey multiple comparison testing using Prism 6 (GraphPad).
Supplier Page from Abcam for Mouse APOA1 ELISA Kit