Fig 1: Schematic diagram showing cellular and molecular mechanisms occurring in the brain and BBB in the state of intoxication (upper half) and GarA provided as a drug along with ethanol (lower half), separated by dashed line. Ethanol exposure is associated with glial activation, increased pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, IL-6 and potential disruption of BBB. GarA is shown to be linked with modulation of neuronal and glial responses, including factors such as BDNF, Nrf2, HO-1 and IL-10. Image drawn using SketchBook app v6.0.4.
Fig 2: GarA helps reduce inflammation and has an antioxidant and neuroprotective activity in SH-SY5Y cells against ethanol. Gene expression over 18S in vitro in different treatment groups showing (A). TNF-α (B). MCP-1 (C). Nrf2 (D). HO-1 (E). BDNF (F) CLDN. Values are represented as Mean ± SD and significance was calculated using One-way ANOVA with Dunnet’s multiple comparisons where nsp > 0.05, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 and ****p < 0.0001 (n = 3).
Fig 3: Protein expression profiles of TNFα, BDNF, HO-1, Nrf2, IL-6 and MCP-1 in rat brain tissue samples. Values were represented as Mean ± SD and significance was calculated using One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons where **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 and ****p < 0.0001 (n = 6).
Fig 4: GarA shows neuro-protective effect in rats against alcohol induced damage. Gene expression over β-actin in vivo in different treatment groups showing (A). Vimentin (B). TNFα (C). MCP-1 (D). HO-1 (E). Nrf2 (F). BDNF (G). CLDN5 (H). IL-10 (I). PCSK9. Values are represented as Mean ± SD and significance was calculated using One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons where nsp > 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 and ****p < 0.0001 (n = 6).
from Biorbyt for Rat HMOX1 ELISA Kit
Application Notes: Detection Wavelength: 450 nm