Fig 1: Schematic diagram showing cellular and molecular mechanisms occurring in the brain and BBB in the state of intoxication (upper half) and GarA provided as a drug along with ethanol (lower half), separated by dashed line. Ethanol exposure is associated with glial activation, increased pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, IL-6 and potential disruption of BBB. GarA is shown to be linked with modulation of neuronal and glial responses, including factors such as BDNF, Nrf2, HO-1 and IL-10. Image drawn using SketchBook app v6.0.4.
Fig 2: GarA helps reduce inflammation and has an antioxidant and neuroprotective activity in SH-SY5Y cells against ethanol. Gene expression over 18S in vitro in different treatment groups showing (A). TNF-α (B). MCP-1 (C). Nrf2 (D). HO-1 (E). BDNF (F) CLDN. Values are represented as Mean ± SD and significance was calculated using One-way ANOVA with Dunnet’s multiple comparisons where nsp > 0.05, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 and ****p < 0.0001 (n = 3).
Fig 3: Protein expression profiles of TNFα, BDNF, HO-1, Nrf2, IL-6 and MCP-1 in rat brain tissue samples. Values were represented as Mean ± SD and significance was calculated using One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons where **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 and ****p < 0.0001 (n = 6).
Fig 4: GarA shows neuro-protective effect in rats against alcohol induced damage. Gene expression over β-actin in vivo in different treatment groups showing (A). Vimentin (B). TNFα (C). MCP-1 (D). HO-1 (E). Nrf2 (F). BDNF (G). CLDN5 (H). IL-10 (I). PCSK9. Values are represented as Mean ± SD and significance was calculated using One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons where nsp > 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 and ****p < 0.0001 (n = 6).
Fig 5: NaA, NaB, and NaA + NaB help reduce hepatic inflammation and has an antioxidant activity in BRL3A cells against ethanol (250 mM). Gene expression over β‐actin in vitro in different treatment groups showing (a) CYP2E1, (b) TNF‐α, (c) Nf‐ĸB, (d) IκBα, (e) MCP‐1, (f) TLR4, (g) IL‐6, (h) IL‐1β, (i) IL‐4, (j) IL‐10, (k) Nrf2, and (l) HO‐1. Values are represented as mean ± SD and significance was calculated using one‐way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons where ns p > 0.05, ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001 and ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001. Post hoc comparisons using Tukey test indicated significant differences between groups, with 95% confidence intervals documented (n = 3).
Supplier Page from Biorbyt for Rat HMOX1 ELISA Kit
Application Notes: Detection Wavelength: 450 nm