Fig 1: Improved efficacy in urologic carcinoma xenografts administered intratumoral (IT) large surface area microparticle docetaxel (LSAM-DTX) compared to intravenous (IV) docetaxel. a 786-O (ATCC® CRL-1932™) xenografts in immunodeficient Sprague–Dawley (Rag2/Il2rg null (SRG™) female rats; n = 3/group; treatment was initiated 7 days after tumor implant when group mean TVs ranged from 336 to 427 mm3. IV docetaxel administered for two cycles of 5 mg/kg to 2 of 3 animals resulted in one immediate death due to cessation of respiration and one animal with temporary loss of respiration and prolonged recovery from anesthesia. Due to this toxicity, the third animal in the group was not administered a second cycle of IV docetaxel and the final cycle administered to both remaining animals was reduced to 2.5 mg/kg. Data plotted through point when ≥ 50% of animals in the group survived. Due to small number of animals per group, statistical analysis was not performed. b UM-UC-3 (ATCC® CRL-1749™) xenografts in immunodeficient (Hsd:Athymic Nude-Foxn1nu) female mice; n = 9 or 10/group; treatment was initiated 18 days after tumor implant when group mean TVs ranged from 161 to 164 mm3. ****p < 0.0001 for all treatment groups vs. 3 × IT vehicle (day 34); #p < 0.01 for 3 × IV docetaxel vs. 2 × and 3 × LSAM-DTX (Day 59). Data plotted through point when first animal in the group died. c PC-3 xenografts (ATCC® CRL-1435™) in immunodeficient (NCr nu/nu (Crl:NU(NCr)-Foxn1nu)) female mice; n = 10/group; treatment was initiated 26 days after tumor implant when group mean TVs ranged from 136 to 141 mm.3. ****p < 0.0001 for all treatment groups vs. 3 × IT vehicle (day 69). Data plotted through point when ≥ 50% of animals in the group survived. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post-test analysis. In all studies, red triangles designate days of treatment. Adapted with permission from [9]