Fig 1: Persistent carrier-state-type CVB1 infection revealed changes in the transcriptome of pancreatic cell line(A and B) Detection of viral capsid protein VP1 in non-infected PANC-1 cells and cells with persistent CVB1-ATCC and 10796 infections by immunoblotting at 300, 315, and 322 days post infection with ß-Actin as loading control (M, molecular weight marker) and (B) by immunofluorescence. Representative cell images show VP1 protein in red and nuclei in blue (DAPI); scale bar, 50 µm.(C) Heatmap of Z score standardized expression for the 3,936 differentially expressed genes in the persistent CVB1 infection models with false discovery rate (FDR) of <0.05 and fold-change (FC) =2.(D) Venn diagram demonstrating the number of overlapping up- and downregulated genes in cells with persistent CVB1-ATCC and 10796 infections.(E and F) The log2 transformed counts per million (CPM) expression of CXADR and CD55 are shown as mean ± SD for three biological replicates (* FDR <0.05).