Description
Stepharine, an natural alkaloid, directly interactes with TLR4 and binds to the TLR4/MD2 complex (TLR4 inhibitor). Stepharine possesses anti-aging, anti-viral and anti-hypertensive effects.In VitroStepharine (10, 30 µM) substantially inhibits nitric oxide (NO) release as well as the mRNA and protein expression of pro-inflammatory mediators [inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β] in LPS-activated BV-2 cells. Stepharine (10, 30 µM) inhibits LPS-induced increase of TLR4 expression, IκBα phosphorylation, and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. Stepharine exhibits neuroprotective effects on SH-SY5Y cells cultured with LPS-treated conditioned medium. Stepharine has also shown to inhibit cholinesterase in vitro. MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.In VivoStepharine (500 µg/kg) inhibited NeuN + cells loss and Iba-1 + cells increase in the MCAO ischemic cortex. MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Animal Model: Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model. Dosage: 500 µg/kg (20 µL). Administration: Intranasally injected into rats 1h after MCAO. Result: Attenuated the neuronal loss induced by MCAO (MCAO+ stepharine) group.Form:Solid