Description
Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser is an integrin binding sequence that inhibits integrin receptor function. It is a tetrapeptide found on fibronectin, fibrinogen α, and von Willebrand factor, but not vitronectin or collagen. It decreases systemic inflammation via inhibition of collagen-triggered activation of leukocytes and attenuates expression of inflammatory cytokines, iNOS and MMP-9. It inhibits thrombin-induced binding of platelets to fibronectin, fibrinogen α, and von Willebrand factor. It promotes cell attachment and abrogates apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway in osteoblasts in vitro. It also blocks the attachment of certain pathogens to cells