Description
A muscarinic M2 receptor antagonist (Ki = 0.2 µM); selective for cardiac M2 over salivary gland M3 receptors (Ki = 5.01 µM) but also binds sympathetic ganglia M1 receptors (Ki = 0.81 µM); increases vagus nerve stimulation-induced increases in perfusion pressure by 50% in isolated perfused rat hearts at 0.1 µM; increases systolic blood pressure and heart rate in a rat model of hypotension induced by repeated cold stress at 50, 100, and 200 µg/kg