Description
A P-gp inhibitor; inhibits the efflux of [3H]vinblastine by ABCB1 in Caco-2 colon cancer cells (EC50 = 0.05 µM); inhibits the efflux of rhodamine-123 and calcein-AM by BCRP and MRP1 in MDCK cells (EC50s = 73 and 9.3 µM, respectively); enhances growth inhibition of MCF-7/ADR breast cancer cells at 2 or 20 µM when used in combination with doxorubicin in vitro, but does not alter the effectiveness of doxorubicin on growth inhibition in Caco-2 cells; increases phosphorylation of p38 and JNK in Caco-2 cells and MCF-7/ADR cells when used at a concentration of 20 µM