Fig 1: Effects of IFA on GALNTs-related gene expression and enzyme activity. (A) Western blot was used to detect the effect of alcohol and IFA pretreatment on the expression levels of GALNTs in the gastric mucosal tissues of rats. (B,C) Determination of GALNT glycosyltransferase activity in GES-1 cells. The color of the control group in black and the alcohol-treated group in red (B). The enzyme activity of GALNTs under different conditions was measured using receptor peptides MUC5AC and MUC6. Black represents the control group, red represents the IFA-only treatment group, blue represents the alcohol treatment group, purple represents the alcohol-treated and low-dose IFA treatment group, and green represents the alcohol and high-dose IFA treatment group (C). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. (D) Molecular docking results of IFA interaction with GALNT1, GALNT2, GALNT10, GALNT12, GALNT14, and GALNT15. (E) Pull-down experiment was utilized to detect the interaction between IFA and GALNT2. rGALNT2 (upper image) and GES-1 cell lysate (lower image) were incubated with IFA-Fe3O4 coupled magnetic beads overnight at 4 °C, and the interaction was detected by GALNT2 antibody.
Fig 2: Study of the mechanism of alleviating ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury by IFA derived from foxtail millet bran. Isoferulic acid (IFA), the active component of foxtail millet, plays a crucial role in ameliorating alcohol-induced gastric mucosal injury. IFA inhibits the decrease in glycosyltransferase GALNT2 activity caused by alcohol by directly interacting with GALNT2 in gastric epithelial cells, consequently improving the blocked synthesis of mucus and maintaining normal mucus barrier function.
Supplier Page from Abcam for Recombinant Human GALNT2 protein (His tag)