Description
Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN(PTEN) is a Tumor suppressor. Acts as a dual-specificity protein phosphatase, dephosphorylating tyrosine-, serine- andthreonine-phosphorylated proteins. Also acts as a lipid phosphatase, removing the phosphate in the D3 position of theinositol ring from phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3,4-diphosphate, phosphatidylinositol3-phosphate and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate with order of substrate preference in vitro PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 >PtdIns(3,4)P2 > PtdIns3P > Ins(1,3,4,5)P4. The lipid phosphatase activity is critical for its tumor suppressor function. Antagonizes the PI3K-AKT/PKB signalingpathway by dephosphorylating phosphoinositides and thereby modulating cell cycle progression and cell survival. Theunphosphorylated form cooperates with MAGI2 to suppress AKT1 activation. Dephosphorylates tyrosine-phosphorylatedfocal adhesion kinase and inhibits cell migration and integrin-mediated cell spreading and focal adhesion formation. Playsa role as a key modulator of the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway controlling the tempo of the process of newborn neuronsintegration during adult neurogenesis, including correct neuron positioning, dendritic development and synapse formation.May be a negative regulator of insulin signaling and glucose metabolism in adipose tissue. The nuclear monoubiquitinatedform possesses greater apoptotic potential, whereas the cytoplasmic nonubiquitinated form induces less tumorsuppressive ability. In motile cells, suppresses the formation of lateral pseudopods and thereby promotes cell polarizationand directed movement