Description
Avidin is a tetrameric protein. In chicken egg white, avidin makes up approximately 0.05% of total protein (approximately 1.8 mg per egg). The tetrameric protein contains four identical subunits (homotetramer) each of which can bind to biotin (Vitamin B7, vitamin H) with a high degree of affinity and specificity. Avidin's affinity for biotin is exploited in wide ranging biochemical assays, including Western Blot, ELISA, ELISPOT and pull-down assays. Avidin immobilized onto solid supports is also used as purification media to capture biotin-labelled protein or nucleic acid molecules. For example, cell surface proteins can be specifically labelled with membrane impermeable biotin reagent, then specifically captured using an avidin-based support. Avidin and biotin are routinely conjugated to indicator enzymes, such as alkaline phosphatase and horseradish peroxidase for use in diagnostic kit development and manufacturing