Fig 1: HK2 is upregulated in asthma. (A) Representative images showing HK2 protein immunostaining (brown color) in patients with asthma (n = 7) compared with that seen in healthy subjects (n = 8), HK2 protein relative expression was analyzed by Image-pro plus 6.0 and presented graphically. The images were captured under an original magnification of ×400. Scale bar, 100 μm. (B) Western blot analysis of HK2 in the lungs of experimental animals (n = 6 per group). (C) RT-PCR analysis of HK2 in the lungs of experimental animals (n = 6 per group). (D) Representative results of co-immunostaining of Scgb1a1 (secretoglobin family 1A member 1) and HK2 in the lung sections of experimental animals. The images were captured under an original magnification of ×200. Scale bar, 50 μm. (E) HK2 mRNA levels were measured after 48 h of stimulation with HDM, IL-1β, IL-33, IL-6, IL-8, LPS, TGF-β, or TNF-α (n = 6 per group). (F) Western blot results demonstrating HK2 expression in Beas-2B cells following treatment with IL-1β (n = 4 per group). Data are presented as mean ± SEM, Statistical differences were determined with a student’s t test for comparison between the two groups and one-way ANOVA with a Tukey-Kramer test for multiple-group comparisons. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, **** p < 0.0001.
Fig 2: Inhibiting HK2 activity by 2-DG protected mice from airway inflammation. (A,B) Images and statistical graph (n = 6) of lung histology. (C) BALF total cells counts. (D) Differential counts of inflammatory cells in the BALF (n = 6). (E) mRNA levels of IL-4, IL-13, IL-33 and CCL20 in lungs of OVA-immunized mice treated with 2-DG or not (n = 6 per group). (F) AHR, including Rrs, Errs, and Crs, was recorded 24 h after the last flexiVent challenge. (n = 6). Elevated HK2 expression in airway epithelial cells regulates airway epithelial cells glycolysis, airway inflammation and cell death, contributing to the pathological of asthma. AHR = airway hyperresponsiveness, Rrs = respiratory system resistance; Ers = respiratory system elastance; Crs = respiratory system compliance. The data were shown as mean ± SEM, statistical differences were determined with one-way ANOVA or two-way ANOVA with a Tukey-Kramer test for comparison. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.
Fig 3: IL-33/ST2 axis promotes angiogenesis in melanoma in vitro.a Relative mRNA level of ST2 in TA-HUVEC with or without the knockdown of ST2. b Immunoblotting analysis of ST2 expression in TA-HUVEC with or without the knockdown of ST2. c Cell viability of TA-HUVEC with or without ST2 knockdown, treated with IL-33 (10 ng/ml), NALA (10 mM) and/or A-485 (10 μM) for 48 h. d Cell migration of TA-HUVEC with or without ST2 knockdown, treated with IL-33 (10 ng/ml), NALA (10 mM) and/or A-485 (10 μM) for 48 h. Scale bar, 200 μm. e Tube formation of TA-HUVEC with or without ST2 knockdown, treated with IL-33 (10 ng/ml), NALA (10 mM) and/or A-485 (10 μM) for 48 h. Scale bar, 200 μm. P-value was calculated by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test, mean ± SEM, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. ns non-significant.
Supplier Page from MedChemExpress for IL-33 Protein, Human