Fig 1: Characterization of the immunosuppressive TME in spheroid models of BC. (a) The relative contribution of the PD-L1+ subpopulations in spheroid models of BC. Bar graph showing the percentage of PD-L1+ cells detected by flow cytometry. (b) The estimation of cytokines SDF-1a, LIF, VEGF, bFGF, HGF, SCGH-b by 48-plex human cytokine array in conditioned medium. Data represented as mean ± SEM from three wells of conditioned medium. The difference between the experimental groups compare with control (homotypic spheroid) was statistically significant at * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001 (non-parametric Mann–Whitney U-test).
Fig 2: Analysis of the STRING protein interaction network and its functional interpretation cytokines SDF-1, LIF, VEGF, bFGF, HGF, and SCGF-β. (a) Focus on the relationship of VEGF with SDF-1a, bFGF, and HGF only when these are mentioned together in PubMed abstracts. Note that LIF is mentioned in PubMed abstracts in conjunction with SDF-1a only. VEGF and LIF are associated with PD-L1 only through SDF-1a, bFGF, and HGF, but never directly. (b) The Biological Process Gene Ontology enrichment diagram confirms the functional architecture of the network.
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