Description
Relevance: Transforming Growth Factor beta-1 (TGFbeta-1) is a secreted protein which belongs to the TGF-beta family. TGFbeta-1 is abundantly expressed in bone, articular cartilage and chondrocytes and is increased in osteoarthritis (OA). TGFbeta-1 performs many cellular functions, including the control of cell growth, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and apoptosis. The precursor is cleaved into a latency-associated peptide (LAP) and a mature TGFbeta-1 peptide. TGFbeta-1 may also form heterodimers with other TGFbeta family members. It has been found that TGFbeta-1 is frequently upregulated in tumor cells. Mutations in this gene results in Camurati-Engelmann disease.
Function: Multifunctional protein that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types. Many cells synthesize TGFB1 and have specific receptors for it. It positively and negatively regulates many other growth factors. It plays an important role in bone remodeling as it is a potent stimulator of osteoblastic bone formation, causing chemotaxis, proliferation and differentiation in committed osteoblasts (By similarity). Stimulates sustained production of collagen through the activation of CREB3L1 by regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP)