Fig 1: Tamoxifen reduces AMCase and acid production in stomach which limits Ascaris larval migration.(A) BALB/c mice were pretreated with tamoxifen intraperitoneally before challenged by oral gavage with 2,500 eggs of Ascaris, in PBS or vehicle containing recombinant AMCase at pH 2. Reduction of (B) AMCase and (C) H+-K+ ATPase was confirmed by qPCR. (D) Larval isolated from the liver 4 days post infection were quantified. (n≥4, mean±S.E.M, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ****p<0.0001 using two-tailed Student’s t-test (B, C) or one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s test for multiple comparison (D). Data are shown as representative of two independent experiments. Illustration generated by Biorender.com).
Fig 2: AMCase in acidic conditions promotes Ascaris larval hatching: (A) Ascaris eggs were treated with recombinant AMCase under acidic and neutral pH in vitro. Larval hatch rate was quantified post treatment. (B-C) BALB/c mice were challenged by oral gavage with 2,500 eggs of Ascaris and stomach tissue was harvested 1 hour or 1 day post infection to extract total RNA. Chia1 (B) and Atp4a (C) expression level were quantified by qPCR. (D) BALB/c mice were pretreated with AMCase inhibitor, omeprazole, 10% NaHCO3 or vehicle control before challenged by oral gavage with 2,500 eggs of Ascaris. (E-F) Larva isolated from the liver 4 days post infection under different conditions was quantified. (n≥4, mean±S.E.M, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001 using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test for multiple comparison (A), two-tailed Student’s t-test (B, C, E) or one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test for multiple comparison (F). Data are shown as representative of two independent experiments. Illustration generated by Biorender.com).
Fig 3: Omeprazole and AMCase inhibitor reduce airway hyperresponsiveness induced by Ascaris larval migration through the lungs (A) BALB/c mice were pretreated with omeprazole plus AMCase inhibitor or vehicle control before challenge by oral gavage with 2,500 eggs of Ascaris. (B) Larval burden was quantified from the lungs 8 days post infection. (C) Respiratory system resistance (RRS) was assessed after intravenous injection of increasing doses of acetylcholine (Ach) at 12 days post infection. (D) Body weight loss in mice was measured at 12 days post infection. (E) Type-2 cytokines were quantitated by ELISA from deaggregated lung supernatants. (n = 4, mean±S.E.M, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001 using two-tailed Student’s t-test (B) or one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test for multiple comparison (C-E). Data are shown as representative of two independent experiments. Illustration generated by Biorender.com).
Supplier Page from R&D Systems, a Bio-Techne Brand for Recombinant Human AMCase/CHIA Protein, CF