Fig 1: Effects of GDF10-stimulated angiogenesis on the wound healing in DFU rats. (A), Rat weight. (B), Blood glucose of rats after fasting. (C), Representative picture of DFU rats after GDF10 treatment. (D), HE staining of pathological changes in control rats and DFU rats of different treatment. (E), Masson trichrome staining of collagen deposition in control rats and DFU rats of different treatment. (F) Immunofluorescence detection of angiogenesis in wounds: red fluorescent marks α-SMA, green fluorescent marks CD31, and blue fluorescent marks nucleus. Measurement data were expressed in the form of mean ± standard deviation. One-way ANOVA was used for comparison between multiple groups, and repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare data between groups at different times. *p < 0. 05 vs. the NFU group. # p <0.05 vs. the DFU group. & p <0.05 vs. the DFU + GDF group. Ten rats were used in each group.
Fig 2: Molecular mechanism diagram of GDF10 regulating TGF-β1/smad3 signaling pathway to affect wound healing in rats with DFU. GDF10 reduces STZ-induced blood glucose levels in rats, inhibits the expression of inflammatory factors (TNF-a, IL-1β, IL-L 6) and promotes growth factors (VEGF, TGF-β1), thus activating TGF-β1/smad3 signaling to regulate the expression of Ang-1 and collagen I/collagen III to induce angiogenesis, which promotes wound healing in DFU.
Fig 3: Effects of GDF10-stimulated angiogenesis on the wound healing-related factors in DFU rats. (A), RT-qPCR for detecting mRNA expression of Smad3, VEGF, Ang-1, TGF-β1, collagenI, collagenIII, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and MMP-9. (B), ELISA for determining expression of VEGF, Ang-1, TGF-β1, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and MMP-9. Measurement data were expressed in the form of mean ± standard deviation. One-way ANOVA was used for comparison between multiple groups, and repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare data between groups at different times. *p < 0. 05 vs. the NFU group. # p <0.05 vs. the DFU group. & p <0.05 vs. the DFU + GDF group. Ten rats were used in each group.
Fig 4: PPI relationship between TGFBR3 and GDF10. (A), Degree values of the genes. (B), PPI diagram showing interaction of genes with TGFBR3. (C), Expression of TGFBR3 in DFU in GSE134431 dataset. (D), GDF10 expression in DFU in GSE134431 dataset.
Supplier Page from R&D Systems, a Bio-Techne Brand for Recombinant Human BMP-3b/GDF-10 Protein, CF