Fig 1: Cultured primary human dermal fibroblasts (FBs) are activated by type 1 interferon (IFN) to express neutrophil chemokines. A, Schematic of in vitro assay to test significance of IFN signature in primary human dermal FBs. B, Venn diagram comparing the number of genes highly upregulated (adjusted P value [Padj] < .05; log2 fold change > 3) per stimulus. C, Bulk RNA-Seq–normalized gene expression of IFN-induced genes marking FB6 that were highly upregulated by IFN-γ and IFNa2 but not by TNFα. D, Bulk RNA-Seq–normalized gene expression of select neutrophil chemokines, myeloid growth factors, and proinflammatory cytokines that were highly upregulated by TNF-α and IFNa2 but not by IFN-γ. E, qPCR expression of neutrophil chemokines in stimulated dermal FBs. Each color represents a single donor. F, IFN-γ, IFNa2, and TNF-α signature scores in snRNA-Seq FB subsets using all significantly upregulated genes (Padj < .05) by each cytokine in vitro. *P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001; and ****P < .0001 using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test. Error bars represent SEMs. ns, Not significant.