Fig 1: Fibromodulin (FMOD) promotes the direct binding of interleukin 1 receptor type 1 (IL1R1) and interleukin (IL)1β on the surface of BJ-myofibroblasts.All cells were subjected to serum starvation prior to treatment. a Representative images of in situ IL1R1:IL1β-proximity ligation assay (PLA) staining on attached BJ-myofibroblasts. Phalloindin was used to stain F-actin, while DAPI was used for nuclei staining. b–g Quantification of IL1R1:IL1β-PLA+ signal per cell at 1- (b), 6- (c), 12- (d), 24- (e), 48- (f), and 72-h (g) from (a). h Representative flow cytometry plot and quantification of IL1R1:IL1β-PLA staining of BJ-myofibroblasts at 24 h post-treatment. Scale bar, 50 μm. Data presented as violin plots (b-g) or mean ± s.d. h overlaying all the data points. N = 10 (a–g) or 3 (h), respectively; P-values were determined by two-tailed Mann–Whitney U tests (b–g) or two-tailed unpaired t-tests (h), respectively. N.S., not significant, P > 0.05; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.005. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.