Fig 1: Tumor-bearing mice were treated with IgG, IL-18BP, anti-PD1 antibody or the combination. The combination treatment decreased the tumor weight (a), increased both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells tumor infiltration (b, c), and increased the production of interferon gamma (IFNγ) and granzyme B (d, e). Data were expressed as mean ± SD (n = 5). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs IgG control.
Fig 2: Tumor-bearing mice were treated with IL-18BP, tumor-bearing mice treated with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as negative control. Anti-IL-18 treatment significantly reduced IL-18 level (a) corresponding to the MDSC reduction, both in the blood and tumor (b). Anti-IL-18 treatment also decreased protein expression of iNOS and Arg-1 in the tumor lysates (c). Data were expressed as mean ± SD (n = 5). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs negative control.
Fig 3: Changes in PPTs and the amount of IL-18 produced after administration of Brilliant Blue G (BBG) and IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP). The PPTs (a) and quantities of IL-18 (b) in non-stimulated muscles, stimulated muscles of non-treated mice, the saline group, and the BBG group seven days after initiating electrical stimulation are shown. The PPTs increased, and the amount of IL-18 decreased significantly in the BBG group compared with that in the saline group. No significant differences were observed between the saline group and the stimulated muscles of non-treated mice. Time course of the PPT changes in the IL-18BP group and the saline group (c). In the IL-18BP group, PPTs significantly increased compared with those in the saline group; †p < 0.05, significantly different from the IL-18BP group; §p < 0.05, significantly different from the pre-stimulation values (day 0). The protein concentrations of protein of all samples used for ELISA were equalized to 1.3 mg/ml.
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