Fig 1: Preferential microglia proliferation and infiltrating macrophage apoptosis in the lesioned CNS.(A and C) Representative immunohistochemical images of the lesioned spinal cord (A) and sciatic nerve (C) demonstrating more proliferative (Ki67+, green) reporter-positive cells (yellow, arrowheads) compared to reporter-negative cells (white, boxes) in the CNS and no difference between cell types in the PNS. This observation was also reflected in quantification (*P < 0.02) (B and D). (E and F) Representative immunohistochemical images of the lesioned spinal cord (E) and sciatic nerve (F) at 3 days after LPC demonstrating more apoptotic (CC3+ green) infiltrating macrophage (CD45+ tdTom−, yellow, arrowheads) in the CNS versus the PNS. This observation was also reflected in quantification (*P < 0.03; G and H). (I to K) Using conditioned media (CM) from spinal cord (CNS) and sciatic nerve (PNS) on BMDM, we demonstrated a reduction in cell numbers (J) and an increase in apoptosis (CC3+ cells; K) in CNS-primed media conditions compared to PNS-primed media. n = 6 to 7, *P < 0.02. (B), n = 3 to 4 (D); two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparison test; n = 4 (PNS) and 9 (CNS) two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparison test (G and H); n = 6 (two independent experiments) ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test (I to K); Error bars indicate ± SEM. Scale bar, 20 μm. FOV, field of view.
Fig 2: iPSC-derived cerebral organoids express markers specific to early brain regionalization and vital to development. Scale bar = 50 μm. (A–F) Immunofluorescent images were captured using confocal microscopy. (A–C) Staining of VEH organoids was performed for the expression of proliferation marker Ki67 (A) and regional markers FZD9 (B) and PROX1 (C) on D42. (D–F) VEH organoids also expressed neuronal marker MAP2 (D), developmental markers FGFR1 (E) and CDH13 (F).
Fig 3: Antitumor therapeutic effects of mPD-1_NV in the body.Note: (A) Experimental flowchart of the antitumor therapeutic effects of mPD-1&5-Aza nanoparticles; (B) Average body weight variation curves of mice in each group; (C) Tumor growth curves of mice in each group; (D) Final size and weight of removed tumors in each group of mice; (E) Solid representation of the final size of removed tumors in each group of mice; (F) Immunohistochemical detection of positive Ki67 expression in tumor tissues; (G) Flow cytometry analysis of the number of CD8+ T cells in tumor tissues; (H) Immunohistochemical detection of the expression of CLEC3B, CYP27A1, CYP4B1, and NR0B2 in tumor tissues post mPD-1&5-Aza_NVs administration (Scale bar = 50 μm). ∗ indicates a significant difference between the two groups with p < 0.05, with 5 mice in each group.
Fig 4: Comparative efficacy of PG-102, semaglutide, and tirzepatide on glycemic control and pancreatic islet preservation in db/db mice.Male db/db mice (14 weeks of age) were randomized to receive PG-102 (30 nmol/kg), semaglutide (30 nmol/kg), tirzepatide (15 nmol/kg), or vehicle, administered subcutaneously every 3 days for 12 weeks. Longitudinal changes in (a) non-fasting blood glucose, (b) HbA1c, and (c) body weight are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 9). Missing values at certain time points reflect unsuccessful or insufficient blood collection. Representative pancreatic histology from mice in each group: (d) insulin immunostaining (n = 5 mice), (e) dual immunofluorescence for insulin and glucagon (n = 5 mice), and (f) dual immunofluorescence for insulin and Ki-67 (n = 4 mice). Quantitative analyses of pancreatic islet composition and proliferation: (g) islet area, (h) β-cell area, (i) α-cell area (n = 5 mice each), and (j) Ki-67+ cells per 10,000 μm² (n = 4 mice). Each data point represents one mouse (biological replicate), with quantification performed using one representative section per mouse. Statistical significance was evaluated using two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test for longitudinal analyses (a–c) and one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test for endpoint comparisons (g–j). SEM, standard error of the mean. Source data are provided as a Source data file.
Supplier Page from Abcam for Ki67 peptide