Ready-to-use ELISA kits are available for the detection of Madh9, an alias of the protein, SMAD family member 9. The official gene symbol is SMAD9. The protein, with a mass of 52.5 kDa and length of 467 residues, is reported to be cytoplasmic and nuclear. It is a member of the Dwarfin/SMAD family and may be known by other names, including: PPH2, MADH9, SMAD mothers against DPP homolog 9, Mothers against decapentaplegic drosophila homolog of 9, MAD homolog 9, and mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 9, and SMAD8/9.