Fig 2: Increased annexins in cells of nodules during hepatocarcinogenesis. Representative images of ANXA1, ANXA2, and ANXA5 expression in NL tissue, preneoplastic lesions (W6 and W12), and HCC tumor cells (W18 and W22) were obtained by IF analysis. Annexin proteins were labeled with Alexa Fluor 488 (green), while nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Magnification: 400X. Scale bar = 50 µm. n = 5 animals/group. Images were captured with ZEISS Axio-A1 Microscopy.

Fig 3: Graphic summary. The summary scheme shows or represents the elevation of ANXA1, ANXA2, and ANXA5 during experimental hepatocarcinogenesis and its association with survival. NL normal liver, W week. Created with BioRender.com.

Fig 4: Kaplan–Meier curves for overall survival (OS). Plots show the percent of 5-year overall survival associated with the expression levels of ANXA1 (a), ANXA2 (b), ANXA5 (c), AFP (d), PTGR1 (e), and GSTP1 (f) in HCC patients. Data were obtained from the liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) project, which comprises data from 364 HCC primary tumors, (https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/projects/TCGA-LIHC).

Fig 5: Expression of Anxa1, Anxa2, Anxa5, Anxa8, and Anxa10 genes during rat hepatocarcinogenesis. The relative mRNA levels of annexin genes in liver tissue were determined by RT-qPCR. Anxa1, Anxa2, Anxa5, Anxa8, and Anxa10 expression was normalized to ribosomal 18 s mRNA level. Bars show the relative expression (RE) compared to the NL group and represent the mean ± SD. p values were calculated by the ANOVA test. n = 5 animals/group. NL normal liver, W week. ***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01.