Fig 1: HQ–HH regulates Th17 and Tregs cells in the brain of cerebral ischaemia–reperfusion rats, reduces inflammatory response, and protects the integrity of the blood–brain barrier. (A) The red signal of immunofluorescence indicates CD4+ cells, the green signal indicates IL-17+ cells, and the yellow area indicates CD4+ IL-17+ cells (Th17 cells). (B) The red signal of immunofluorescence indicates CD4+ cells, the green signal indicates Foxp3+ cells, and the yellow area indicates CD4+ Foxp3+ cells (Tregs cells). The relative expression of IL-17A, IL-10, IL-6, and MMP-9 in the cerebral cortex of the Sham, Model, HQ–HH, and NXT groups detected by Western blotting. (C) The representative bands exhibiting the relative expression of IL-17A, IL-10, IL-6, and MMP-9. (D) Statistical analysis of the proteins detected in each group. The relative expression of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1 in the cerebral cortex of the Sham, Model, HQ–HH, and NXT groups detected by Western blotting. (E) Representative bands exhibiting the relative expression of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1. (F) Statistical analysis of the proteins detected from each group. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. ##p < 0.01, when compared with the sham group; *p < 0.05 or **p < 0.01, when compared with the Model group.
Fig 2: HQ–HH regulates bile acid metabolism and the expression of IL-17A and Foxp3 in the small intestine of rats. The orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis OPLS-DA scores plots discriminated (n = 6). (A) Sham and Model group. (B) Model and HQ–HH group. Bile acid including allolithocholic acid (C), isolithocholic acid (D), 3β-ursodeoxycholic acid (E), and cholic acid (F) in the faeces were determined by LC-MS. (G) The expression of IL-17A and Foxp3 in the small intestine was detected by immunofluorescence.
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