Fig 1: Transcriptional and epigenetic heterogeneity in the thick ascending limb.a Sub-clustering of TAL on the umap plot of snRNA-seq dataset to divide three subpopulations (TAL1, TAL2, and ATL). ATL, Ascending thin limb (of loop of Henle). b Dot plots showing gene expression patterns of the genes enriched in each of TAL subpopulations (left). The diameter of the dot corresponds to the proportion of cells expressing the indicated gene and the density of the dot corresponds to average expression relative to all cell types. Umap displaying gene expressions of CLDN10, CLDN16, S100A2 or UMOD (right). c Representative immunohistochemical images of KCNJ10 or PTH1R (brown) and UMOD or SLC12A1 (blue) in the adult human kidneys. Scale bar indicates 50 µm. n = 3 samples were independently analyzed and similar results were obtained. d Sub-clustering of TAL on the umap plot of snATAC-seq dataset to divide three subpopulations (TAL1, TAL2, and ATL). e Dot plots showing gene activity patterns of the genes enriched in each of TAL subpopulations (right). The diameter of the dot corresponds to the proportion of cells with detected activity of indicated gene and the density of the dot corresponds to average gene activity relative to all cell types. Umap displaying gene activities of CLDN10, CLDN16, S100A2, or UMOD (left). f Differentially activated transcription factor motifs with chromVAR between TAL1 and TAL2. The top 6 motifs with the lowest P values are listed. g Motif enrichment analysis on the DARs between TAL1 and TAL2. Background was set as the genomic regions that are accessible to at least 2.5% of the TAL cells. The top 6 motifs with the lowest P values in each subpopulation are listed.