Fig 1: PV drives disruption of Warburg-like aerobic glycolysis. Solid in vitro LDHA enzymatic activity was estimated using recombinant human LDHA with the indicated concentrations of PV (0, 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 μg/ml). Oxamate (50 mM) was used as a positive control. To evaluate intracellular LDHA activity, 12Z cells were treated with various concentrations of PV (0–250 μg/ml) for 4 h. LDHA activity was measured using two independent methods of colorimetric observance at 340/460 nm (A,B). Total forms of LDHA, PDHA, PDK1, PDK3, and phosphorylated PDHA (Ser293) were detected using western blotting. Hsp90 and GAPDH were used as normalization controls (C,D). The lactate production and oxygen consumption rate in 12Z cells was measured after increasing doses of PV treatment. Oxygen consumption rate was measured in black 96-well microplates and lactate was quantified in phenol red and serum free DMEM by fluorescence at 535/590 nm (E,F). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was conducted using a Dunnet one-way ANOVA (*; p < 0.05, **; p < 0.01, ***; p < 0.001).