Description
Product Characteristics:
Sulfonylureas are a class of drugs commonly used in the management of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. ENSA/ARPP-19, also known as ARPP-19e, is a 121 amino acid protein that localizes to the cytoplasm and belongs to the endosulfine family. ENSA/ARPP-19 is an endogenous regulator of the _-cell K(ATP) channels and reduces K(ATP) channel currents by inhibiting sulfonylurea from binding to the receptor thereby stimulating insulin secretion by pancreatic _ cells. It is suggested that ENSA/ARPP-19 expression is decreased in brains of both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Down's syndrome patients. Widely expressed with high levels in skeletal muscle and brain and lower levels in pancreas, ENSA/ARPP-19 is phosphorylated by PKA and exists as eight alternatively spliced isoforms. ENSA/ARPP-19 is encoded by a gene located on human chromosome 1q21.3.
Subcellular location: Cytoplasm
Synonyms: Alpha endosulfine, ARPP 19e, Endosulfine alpha, ENSA_HUMAN.
Target Information: The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a highly conserved cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein (ARPP) family. This protein was identified as an endogenous ligand for the sulfonylurea receptor, ABCC8/SUR1. ABCC8 is the regulatory subunit of the ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel, which is located on the plasma membrane of pancreatic beta cells and plays a key role in the control of insulin release from pancreatic beta cells. This protein is thought to be an endogenous regulator of KATP channels. In vitro studies have demonstrated that this protein modulates insulin secretion through the interaction with KATP channel, and this gene has been proposed as a candidate gene for type 2 diabetes. At least eight alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]