Fig 2: Effects of MSLN modulation on upstream activators of AKT.a Bar plots showing real-time PCR results of MSLN and RARG expression across a panel of PDAC cell lines. Cell lines with high MSLN expression are colored red, while the ones with low expression are colored blue. b Bar plots showing real-time PCR results of MSLN and RARG expression in control (CT) MSLN high cell lines (red) compared to their counterparts with MSLN knocked down (MSLN-KD) and control MSLN low cell lines (blue) compared to their counterparts with MSLN overexpressed (MSLN-OE). Mean and standard deviations are shown for three independent experiments (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01). c Immunoblot assays for the expression of full length/precursor MSLN (MSLNf), cleaved/mature MSLN (MSLNc), RAR?, total ACK1, phosphorylated ACK1, total AKT, and phosphorylated AKT at two different residues in control (CT) MSLN high cell lines (red) compared to their counterparts with MSLN knocked down (MSLN-KD) and control MSLN low cell lines (blue) compared to their counterparts with MSLN overexpressed (MSLN-OE).