Fig 2: Comparison of protein expression levels of hepatic Cyp2b1/2b2, Cyp2c11 and Ugt1a6. (A) Western blot analysis for hepatic Cyp2b1/2b2, Cyp2c11 and Ugt1a6 in control rats and 1,25(OH)2D3-treated rats. (B) Densitometry of Western blotting for hepatic Cyp2b1/2b2, Cyp2c11 and Ugt1a6. The rectangular bars and their error bars represent means and standard deviations (n = 5). The asterisks indicate statistically significant differences compared to the control group (* p < 0.05).

Fig 3: Validation of expression levels in our own cohort and the external validation of survival analysis. (A) The expression level of GSR, PIGR, UGT1A6, miR-205-5p, miR-193b-3p, RP11-499O7.7, CTD-2139B15.5, and LINC00473. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.005, ****p < 0.001. (B) The IHC staining of three DEGs in Mut and Wild KEAP1 LUAD tissue samples. Quantification of percent positive regions (right) was performed using the IHC profiler plugin for ImageJ. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. (C) Kaplan–Meier survival curves between the Mut and the Wild groups in OS, RFS, and PFS

Fig 4: Mass-spectrometry analysis of menadiol glucuronides produced by SHY5Y5 cells. Extracted mass chromatogram of (A) menadione (m/z 172) and (B) menadiol-glucuronide (m/z 349) and (C) MS spectrum of menadiol-glucuronide, obtained from SH-SY5Y-NQO2-UGT1A6 homogenate after 3 h incubation with menadione (100 µM), BNAH (4 mM) and UDPGA (2 mM).

Fig 5: Tandem mass spectrometry analyses of menadiol glucuronides. MS/MS spectrum from parent ion m/z = 349 (retention time = 2.23 min) obtained from SH-SY5Y-NQO2-UGT1A6 homogenate after 3 h incubation with menadione (100 µM), BNAH (4 mM) and UDPGA (2 mM).