Fig 1: ACE enhances anxiety-like behaviors in mice during adulthood, along with the increased CaMKII-positive neuron activity and D1RCaMKII level in claustrum. A, Experimental timeline. B, EPM test. n = 16 mice per group. C, Total protein levels of c-Fos. n = 3 mice per group. D, The number and percentage of c-Fos-positive & CaMKII-positive neurons. n = 6 mice per group. Scale bar, 100 μm/50 μm. E, The mRNA levels of d1r, d2r and d3r. n = 3 mice per group. F, The protein levels of D1R, D2R and D3R. n = 3 mice per group. G, The correlation analysis of claustrum D1R levels with EPM data. n = 6 mice. H, The expression of D1RCaMKII. n = 6 mice per group. Scale bar, 100 μm/50 μm. I, Levels of p-ERK1/2 and ERK1/2. n = 3 mice per group. J, Levels of p-CREB, CREB and BDNF. n = 3 mice per group. ASE, adolescent saline exposure; ACE, adolescent cocaine exposure; CL, claustrum. Data are presented as the Mean ± SEM. N.S., p > 0.05, *, p < 0.05, **, p < 0.01 vs ASE.