Fig 2: Effects of psoralen on ER-stress related protein expression in SMMC7721. a Western blot assays showing the effects of psoralen and thapsigargin on ER-stress related protein expression. b Western blot assays showing the effects of TUDC on the expression of ER-stress related protein induced by PSO. c The mRNA levels of GRP78 and DDIT3 with TUDC under PSO and TG treatment. Values are mean ± SD (n = 3) and * is means compared to the Con group, **P < 0.01

Fig 3: Effect of UTA77 on endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) markers in spontaneous chronic colitis in Winnie mice. (A) Protein levels of GRP78 and CHOP were analysed using Western blotting in distal colon. (B, C) Densitometry of GRP78 and CHOP. Bands densities were normalised to the levels of ß-actin. Data expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 3/group) using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s posttest, where *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, and ns: nonsignificant. The controls used (HC and Win) in this figure have been published previously (Shastri et al., 2020b).

Fig 4: Tau tangles are not affected by CHOP. (a) Representative images and (b) analysis from hippocampal sections stained for Gallyas silver-positive tau in 11-month-old rTg4510 mice expressing AAV9-shScramble [n = 5] or AAV9-shCHOP [n = 7]. Area Ratio (%) was analyzed by unpaired Student’s t-test and results are represented as standard error of the mean (± SEM). Scale bar represents 200 µm; inset scale represents 20 µm.

Fig 5: Changes in CHOP levels do not cause neuronal death in the hippocampus of aged rTg4510 mice. (a) Representative images from hippocampal neurons co-stained with NeuN (brown) and cresyl violet (purple) obtained from animals transduced with shScramble [n = 5] or shCHOP [n = 7] AAV9. (b) Neuronal density and (c) volume in the CA1 and DG areas were assessed using unbiased stereology. Results represent the standard error of the mean (± SEM). Data was analyzed by a Student’s t-test. Scale bars = 200 µm and inset scale represents 20 µm. CV cresyl violet, CA1 Cornu ammonis subfield 1, DG dentate gyrus.