Fig 1: TLRs (2, 4, 6, 9) protein expressions were increased in HK2 cells after exposure to AAI (40 µM) for 24 h (A); B: TLR2, Unpaired t-test *p value = 0.0329; C: TLR4, n = 5, Unpaired t-test **p value = 0.0017; D: TLR6, NS = not significant; E: TLR9, n = 5; Unpaired t-test *p value = 0.0165; n = 6; F: IL6 ELISA **p = 0.001; Two tailed p value, Ratio paired t-test; N = 8; G: KIM1 ELISA, p = ns; AAI exposure (40 µM) increased expression of LCN2 (H) and TLR9 (J) proteins compared to unexposed HK2 cells; cell fluorescence measurement of LCN2 (I) and TLR9 (K); Unpaired t-test ****p < 0.0001