Fig 1: Effect of rose extract (5 × 10−3%) on epinephrine–induced (56 nM) stress markers and OR expression in skin explants. (A) Epinephrine-induced stress for 9 days significantly stimulates the expression of loricrin, γH2AX, and G6pDH protein expression in skin explants, whereas co-treatment with rose extract prevents these stress manifestations. (B) The expression levels of mRNA encoding for OR2AG2 and OR10A6 significantly decrease with epinephrine treatment (**OR2AG2, *OR11H4), while results for OR10A6 did not reach statistical significance. Co-treatment with rose extract significantly inhibits the stress-induced decrease in mRNA expression levels of OR2AG2 and OR11H4, while results for OR10A6 did not reach statistical significance. (C) The protein expression of OR11H4 remains unchanged by epinephrine-induced stress, whereas expression of OR2AG2 and OR10A6 (** OR2AG2, ** OR10A6) is significantly reduced. Co-treatment with rose extract significantly inhibits the stress-induced decrease expression levels of OR2AG2. Data are presented as mean ±SEM values. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA (Kruskall–Wallis, * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, and *** p ≤ 0.001) to compare each group.