Fig 1: The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway was involved in Zn-loaded scaffolds-induced M2 polarization of M\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\varphi $$\end{document}φs. M\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\varphi $$\end{document}φs were incorporated into TCP/PLLA and 5%Zn/TCP/PLLA for 3 days with or without the PI3K inhibitor LY-294002 (40 μM). A The protein levels of PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, mTOR, p-mTOR, and β-actin were analyzed by Western blotting. The protein bands from left to right was TCP, 5%Zn, TCP + LY294002, and 5%Zn + LY294002, respectively. B Quantitative analysis of Western blots showing the p-PI3K/PI3K, p-Akt/Akt, and p-mTOR/mTOR ratios. C The levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 cytokines in the culture medium of M\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\varphi $$\end{document}φs were analyzed by ELISA. D Immunofluorescence staining images of M\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\varphi $$\end{document}φs after treatment for 3 days. CD206 (green) and iNOS (red), DAPI (blue). Scale bar = 40 μm. M\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\varphi $$\end{document}φmacrophages; ns, no significance; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01
Fig 2: Quercetin significantly reversed FAC-induced apoptosis in osteoblasts by activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR. A MC3T3-E1 cells were identified by Alizarin red staining. The scale bar: 100 μm. B MC3T3-E1 cells were exposed to FAC, FAC + quercetin (L), FAC + quercetin (M) or FAC + quercetin (H). The expressions of FOS, JUN, TGF-β1, and PPARD in MC3T3-E1 cells were investigated by western blot. C The expressions of p-mTOR, mTOR, p-PI3K, PI3K, p-AKT, AKT, Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase-3 in MC3T3-E1 cells were assessed by western blot. D The viability of MC3T3-E1 cells was assessed by CCK8 assay. E MC3T3-E1 cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. *P < 0.05 compared to control. #P < 0.05 compared to model
Fig 3: Quercetin significantly regulated the proliferation of osteoblasts through mediation of FOS. Osteoblasts were exposed to FAC, FAC + DMSO, FAC + si-FOS, FAC + oe-FOS or FAC + oe-FOS + quercetin. A The protein level of FOS in osteoblasts was assessed by western blot. B The expressions of p-mTOR, PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, p-PI3K, mTOR, Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 in osteoblasts were tested by western blot. C The viability of osteoblasts was assessed by CCK8 assay. D The apoptosis of osteoblasts was assessed by flow cytometry. *P < 0.05 compared to model. #P < 0.05 compared to oe-FOS
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